LiFePO4 battery duration is referred to as the capacity (Ah)/load power (W) proportion. For example, a 100Ah/12V lifepo4 battery driving an ongoing 600W device, the theoretical duration of the battery is
600W
100Ah×12V×0.95 (Inverter efficiency)
≈1.9 hours. According to Ningde Era’s 2023 test data, its lithium iron phosphate battery is also capable of retaining the energy conversion efficiency of 93% with the depth of discharge (DoD) of 95% at 25℃ ambient and 0.5C discharge rate, 7 percentage points higher than that of terene lithium battery.
Temperature exerts an extremely strong influence on the actual battery life: -20 ° C, available lifepo4 battery capacity drops to 65% of nominal capacity (40% of lead-acid battery only), while 55 ° C the rate of capacity degradation is as low as 0.15%/ week (UL 1973 approved test results). The actual test of polar research station shows that during heating equipment 1.2kW driven by 200Ah battery pack at -30 ° C, the battery life goes down from 8.2 hours under normal temperature to 5.4 hours but is still 2.1 hours longer than the same capacity colloid battery.
High rate discharge will reduce the effective capacity: Discharge at 2C (200A) current, actual energy release of lifepo4 battery reduces by 18% due to polarization effect (IEEE 1679 standard test), however, by adopting nano lithium iron phosphate anode material (particle size 80nm) and three-dimensional conductive network structure design, CATL’s new product reduces 2C discharge capacity loss to 9%. Stats on Tesla’s Megapack energy storage facility report that its lithium iron phosphate battery pack boasts an energy efficiency in a single cycle of 94% at a discharge rate of 0.25C for providing 14 hours of consistent power supply for commercial developments.
Cycle life is directly related to battery life degradation: BYD blade batteries still have a capacity of 82% after 3000 100% DoD cycles, and the annual degradation is only 0.73%, while the capacity of a competing terpolymer lithium battery in the same conditions is decreased to 68%. Comparison of a solar energy storage project shows that the use of lifepo4 battery for 5 years, total discharge of 48MWh, 17MWh more than the lead-acid battery solution, and the cost of electricity is saved by 42%.
Intelligent BMS system can optimize battery life performance: Huawei LUNA2000 energy storage system uses adaptive equalization technology (voltage deviation control ±10mV) to improve the available capacity of battery pack by 5.8%. A lifepo4 battery and supercapacitor configuration was utilized in a Marine hybrid power program and reduced the voltage transient drop from 12% to 3% when a 500kW sudden load was introduced, enhancing the endurance by 22%. UL 9540A certification proves that the thermal runaway propagation probability of the solution is <0.005%, ensuring the endurance stability under heavy loads.